The Mandelstam-Tamm enerty-time uncertainty relation states that \[\Delta E \Delta t_A \ge \frac{\hbar}{2} \,,\] where \(\Delta E\) is the energy uncertainty of a quantum system, and \(\Delta t_A\) is the time required for a significant change of the expectation value of an observable \(A\). Derivation Consider a quantum system with a Hamiltonian \(H\). Let \(| \psi \rangle\) be the time-dependent state of the system, and let \(A\) be some observable. The uncertainty in the system's energy and the uncertainty in \(A\) are defined, respectively, as \[\begin{align} &\Delta E = \sqrt{\langle H^2 \rangle - \langle H \rangle^2} \,, \\ &\Delta A = \sqrt{\langle A^2 \rangle - \langle A \rangle^2} \,, \end{align}\] where \(\langle \cdot \rangle = \langle \psi | \cdot | \psi \rangle\) denotes the expectation value. \(\Delta E\) and \(\Delta A\) satisfy the uncertainty relation \[\Delta E \Delta A \ge \frac{\big| \langle HA - AH \rangle \big|}{2} \,.\] Since the rate